What Diah Has Shared: Implementation of the World Programme of Action concerning Disabled Persons and the United Nations Decade of Disabled Persons

A/RES/44/70

78th plenary meeting

8 December 1989

Implementation of the World Programme of Action concerning Disabled

Persons and the United Nations Decade of Disabled Persons

The General Assembly,

Recalling all its relevant resolutions, including resolution 37/52 of 3 December 1982, by which it adopted the World Programme of Action concerning Disabled Persons,and resolution 37/53 of 3 December 1982, in which it, inter alia, proclaimed the period 1983-1992 the United Nations Decade of Disabled Persons,

Recalling also its resolution 43/98 of 8 December 1988, and reaffirming all of the relevant provisions contained therein, in particular, the list of priorities for global activities and programmes during the second half of the United Nations Decade of Disabled Persons set forth in the annex to the resolution,

Taking note of Economic and Social Council resolution 1989/52 of 24 May 1989, in which the Council, inter alia, urged Member States, bodies and organizations of the United Nations system and intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations to provide all possible support to the

awareness and fund-raising campaigns to give added momentum to the Decade,

Noting the important work currently being undertaken by the Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities on human rights and disability, which could serve as a useful basis for the continued efforts to ensure for disabled persons the enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms,

Taking into account the concrete measures already carried out by the Governments of Member States, the bodies and organizations of the United Nations system and non-governmental organizations to implement the objectives of the World Programme of Action within the framework of the Decade, and recognizing that much more should be done at all levels to improve the living conditions of persons with disabilities,

Mindful that Member States bear the ultimate responsibility for the implementation of the World Programme of Action and that national disability committees or similar co-ordinating bodies play a crucial role in this regard,

Recognizing the pivotal role of the United Nations in promoting the exchange of information, experience and expertise and closer regional and interregional co-operation towards more effective strategies and policies to advance the status and welfare of persons with disabilities,

Stressing that the Centre for Social Development and Humanitarian Affairs of the Secretariat is the focal point within the United Nations for the implementation and monitoring of the World Programme of Action,

Noting with satisfaction the strengthening of the Disabled Persons Unit of the Centre through the generous financial support of some Governments,

Concerned that the Voluntary Fund for the United Nations Decade of Disabled Persons continues to suffer from a lack of sufficient contributions and that, unless this declining trend is reversed and the resource capacities of the Fund are strengthened, many priority requests may not be met and the implementation of the World Programme of Action will be seriously affected,

Mindful that, since developing countries are experiencing difficulties in mobilizing resources, international co-operation should be encouraged to assist in national efforts to implement the World Programme of Action and the objectives of the Decade,

Noting that the International Meeting on Human Resources in the Field of Disability was held at Tallinn, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, from 14 to 22 August 1989 and that it adopted a nine-point strategy to promote the participation, training and employment of disabled persons, especially in developing countries,

Having considered the report of the Secretary-General,

1.   Reaffirms the validity of the World Programme of Action concerning Disabled Persons;

2.   Reiterates that for the second half of the United Nations Decade of Disabled Persons, special emphasis should be placed on the equalization of opportunities for disabled persons;

3.   Urges Member States, intergovernmental organizations and non-governmental organizations concerned to translate into action at all levels, as appropriate, the priorities for global activities and programmes during the second half of the Decade, such as those set forth in the annex to General Assembly resolution 43/98;

4.   Renews its invitation to all States to give high priority to projects concerning the prevention of disabilities, rehabilitation and the equalization of opportunities for disabled persons within the framework of bilateral assistance, as well as financial support to strengthen organizations of disabled persons;

5.   Invites Governments to participate actively in the international co-operation with a view to improving the living conditions of disabled persons by encouraging professional experts, in particular disabled persons, in various aspects of rehabilitation and the equalization of opportunity, including the expertise of retired persons;

6.   Requests the Secretary-General to assist Member States in establishing and strengthening national committees on disability issues and similar co-ordinating bodies and to promote and support the establishment of strong national organizations of disabled persons;

7.   Also requests the Secretary-General to encourage all organs and bodies of the United Nations, including regional commissions, international organizations and specialized agencies, to take into account in their programmes and operational activities the specific needs of disabled persons;

8.   Invites the Secretary-General, in connection with the feasibility study on the substantive, financial and administrative implications of alternative ways to mark the end of the Decade in 1992, called for by the General Assembly in its resolution 43/98, to request Member States, in consultation with organizations of disabled persons, to submit their comments to him by 28 February 1990 for inclusion in the background document to be discussed at the meeting of experts to be held at Helsinki in May 1990;

9.   Requests the Secretary-General to strengthen the regional commissions to enable them to promote technical co-operation activities and the sharing of national resources for personnel training, the exchange of information, policy and programme development and research and the participation of disabled persons;

10.  Invites the Secretary-General and Member States to involve disabled persons to a greater extent in United Nations programmes and activities, including the provision of employment opportunities, and to give particular attention to improving the situation of special groups as outlined in the World Programme of Action, emphasizing the need for social justice and the participation of these groups in each sector of the society;

11.  Invites the Centre for Social Development and Humanitarian Affairs of the Secretariat to expand its close collaboration with intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations active in the field of disability, in particular organizations of disabled persons, and to consult with them on a regular and systematic basis on matters relating to the implementation of the World Programme of Action, with a view to ensuring that the results of the Decade become meaningful and lasting;

12.  Notes with satisfaction the progress made by the office of the Special Representative for the Promotion of the United Nations Decade of Disabled Persons;

13.  Calls upon Member States, national committees, the United Nations system and non-governmental organizations, especially organizations of disabled persons, to assist in a global information and fund-raising campaign to publicize the Decade through all appropriate means;

14.  Recognizes the important role of non-governmental organizations, especially those representing persons with disabilities in the effective implementation of the World Programme of Action, in raising international awareness of the concerns of persons with disabilities and in monitoring and evaluating progress achieved during the Decade;

15.  Requests the Secretary-General to ensure that contributions, in cash or in kind, related to the Decade are channelled into the Voluntary Fund for the United Nations Decade of Disabled Persons, while giving donors the option of earmarking contributions for special purposes;

16.  Reaffirms that the resources of the Voluntary Fund should be used to support catalytic and innovative activities in order to implement further the objectives of the World Programme of Action within the framework of the Decade, with priority given, as appropriate, to programmes and projects of the least developed countries;

17.  Invites Governments and non-governmental organizations to continue their contributions to the Voluntary Fund, and calls upon Governments and non-governmental organizations that have not yet done so to consider contributing to the Voluntary Fund so as to enable it to respond effectively to the growing demand for assistance;

18.  Requests the Secretary-General to bring the Tallinn Guidelines for Action on Human Resources Development in the Field of Disability, the text of which is annexed to the present resolution, to the attention of Member States, national co-ordinating mechanisms in the field of disability, organizations of the United Nations system, other intergovernmental bodies and non-governmental organizations concerned with disabilities;

19.  Requests the Secretary-General to report to the General Assembly at its forty-fifth session on the implementation of the present resolution;

20.  Decides to include in the provisional agenda of its forty-fifth session the item entitled "Implementation of the World Programme of Action concerning Disabled Persons and the United Nations Decade of Disabled Persons".

What Diah Has Shared: WORLD PROGRAMME OF ACTION CONCERNING DISABLED PERSONS

1. Objectives, Background and Concepts
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Objectives
The purpose of the World Programme of Action concerning Disabled Persons is to promote effective
measures for prevention of disability, rehabilitation and the realization of the goals of ''full participation'' of
disabled persons in social life and development, and of ''equality''. This means opportunities equal to those
of the whole population and an equal share in the improvement in living conditions resulting from social
and economic development. These concepts should apply with the same scope and with the same urgency
to all countries, regardless of their level of development.
Background
More than 500 million people in the world are disabled as a consequence of mental, physical or sensory
impairment. They are entitled to the same rights as all other human beings and to equal opportunities. Too
often their lives are handicapped by physical and social barriers in society which hamper their full
participation. Because of this, millions of children and adults in all parts of the world often face a life that is
segregated and debased.
3 An analysis of the situation of disabled persons has to be carved out within the context of different levels
of economic and social development and different cultures. Everywhere, however, the ultimate
responsibility for remedying the conditions that lead to impairment and for dealing with the consequences
of disability rests with Governments. This does not weaken the responsibility of society in general, or of
individuals, or of organizations Governments should take the lead in awakening the consciousness of
populations regarding the gains to be derived by individuals and society from the inclusion of disabled
persons in every area of social, economic and political life. Governments must also ensure that people who
are made dependent by severe disability have an opportunity to achieve a standard of living equal to that of
their fellow citizens. Non-governmental organizations can, in different ways, assist Governments by
formulating needs, suggesting suitable solutions and providing services complementary to those provided
by Governments. Sharing of financial and material resources by all sections of the population, not omitting
the rural areas of developing countries, could be of major significance to disabled persons by resulting in
expanded community services and improved economic opportunities.
4 Much disability could be prevented through measures taken against malnutrition, environmental
pollution, poor hygiene, inadequate prenatal and postnatal care, water-borne diseases and accidents of all
types . The international community could make a major breakthrough against disabilities caused by
poliomyelitis, tetanus, whooping-cough and diphtheria, and to a lesser extent tuberculosis, through a
world-wide expansion of programmes of immunization.
5 In many countries, the prerequisites for achieving the purposes of the Programme are economic and
social development, extended services provided to the whole population in the humanitarian area, the
redistribution of resources and income and an improvement in the living standards of the population. It is
necessary to use every effort to prevent wars leading to devastation, catastrophe and poverty, hunger,
suffering, diseases and mass disability of people, and therefore to adopt measures at all levels to strengthen
international peace and security, to settle all international disputes by peaceful means and to eliminate all
forms of racism and racial discrimination in countries where they still exist. It would also be desirable to
recommend to all States Members of the United Nations that they maximize the use of their resources for
peaceful purposes, including prevention of disability and satisfaction of the needs of disabled persons. All
forms of technical assistance that help developing countries to move towards these objectives can support
the implementation of the Programme.The realization of these objectives will, however, require extended
periods of effort, during which the number of disabled persons is likely to increase. Without effective
remedial action, the consequences of disability will add to the obstacles to development. Hence, it is
essential that all nations should include in their general development plans immediate measures for the
prevention of disability, for the rehabilitation of disabled persons and for the equalization of opportunities.

Selanjutnya diunduh di WORLD PROGRAMME OF ACTION CONCERNING DISABLED PERSONS

What Diah Has Shared: Declaration on the Rights of Mentally Retarded Persons

Proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 2856 (XXVI) of 20 December 1971 

 The General Assembly,

Mindful of the pledge of the States Members of the United Nations under the Charter to take joint and separate action in co-operation with the Organization to promote higher standards of living, full employment and conditions of economic and social progress and development, 

Reaffirming faith in human rights and fundamental freedoms and in the principles of peace, of the dignity and worth of the human person and of social justice proclaimed in the Charter,

Recalling the principles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Human Rights, the Declaration of the Rights of the Child and the standards already set for social progress in the constitutions, conventions, recommendations and resolutions of the International Labour Organisation, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the World Health Organization, the United Nations Children's Fund and other organizations concerned,

Emphasizing that the Declaration on Social Progress and Development has proclaimed the necessity of protecting the rights and assuring the welfare and rehabilitation of the physically and mentally disadvantaged, 

Bearing in mind the necessity of assisting mentally retarded persons to develop their abilities in various fields of activities and of promoting their integration as far as possible in normal life, 

Aware that certain countries, at their present stage of development, can devote only limited efforts to this end, 

Proclaims this Declaration on the Rights of Mentally Retarded Persons and calls for national and international action to en sure that it will be used as a common basis and frame of reference for the protection of these rights:  

1. The mentally retarded person has, to the maximum degree of feasibility, the same rights as other human beings.  

2. The mentally retarded person has a right to proper medical care and physical therapy and to such education, training, rehabilitation and guidance as will enable him to develop his ability and maximum potential. 

3. The mentally retarded person has a right to economic security and to a decent standard of living. He has a right to perform productive work or to engage in any other meaningful occupation to the fullest possible extent of his capabilities.  

4. Whenever possible, the mentally retarded person should live with his own family or with foster parents and participate in different forms of community life. The family with which he lives should receive assistance. If care in an institution becomes necessary, it should be provided in surroundings and other circumstances as close as possible to those of normal life. 

5. The mentally retarded person has a right to a qualified guardian when this is required to protect his personal well-being and interests.

6. The mentally retarded person has a right to protection from exploitation, abuse and degrading treatment. If prosecuted for any offence, he shall have a right to due process of law with full recognition being given to his degree of mental responsibility.  

7. Whenever mentally retarded persons are unable, because of the severity of their handicap, to exercise all their rights in a meaningful way or it should become necessary to restrict or deny some or all of these rights, the procedure used for that restriction or denial of rights must contain proper legal safeguards against every form of abuse. This procedure must be based on an evaluation of the social capability of the mentally retarded person by qualified experts and must be subject to periodic review and to the right of appeal to higher authorities.

What Diah Has Shared: Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons

Proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 3447 (XXX) of 9 December 1975

The General Assembly,

Mindful of the pledge made by Member States, under the Charter of the United Nations to take joint and separate action in co-operation with the Organization to promote higher standards of living, full employment and conditions of economic and social progress and development,

Reaffirming its faith in human rights and fundamental freedoms and in the principles of peace, of the dignity and worth of the human person and of social justice proclaimed in the Charter,

Recalling the principles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenants on Human Rights, the Declaration of the Rights of the Child and the Declaration on the Rights of Mentally Retarded Persons, as well as the standards already set for social progress in the constitutions, conventions, recommendations and resolutions of the International Labour Organisation, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, the World Health Organization, the United Nations Children's Fund and other organizations concerned,

Recalling also Economic and Social Council resolution 1921 (LVIII) of 6 May 1975 on the prevention of disability and the rehabilitation of disabled persons,

Emphasizing that the Declaration on Social Progress and Development has proclaimed the necessity of
protecting the rights and assuring the welfare and rehabilitation of the physically and mentally disadvantaged,

Bearing in mind the necessity of preventing physical and mental disabilities and of assisting disabled persons to develop their abilities in the most varied fields of activities and of promoting their integration as far as possible in normal life,

Aware that certain countries, at their present stage of development, can devote only limited efforts to this end,

Proclaims this Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons and calls for national and international action to ensure that it will be used as a common basis and frame of reference for the protection of these rights:

1. The term "disabled person" means any person unable to ensure by himself or herself, wholly or partly, the necessities of a normal individual and/or social life, as a result of deficiency, either congenital or not, in his or her physical or mental capabilities.

2. Disabled persons shall enjoy all the rights set forth in this Declaration. These rights shall be granted to all disabled persons without any exception whatsoever and without distinction or discrimination on the basis of race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinions, national or social origin, state of wealth, birth or any other situation applying either to the disabled person himself or herself or to his or her family.

3. Disabled persons have the inherent right to respect for their human dignity. Disabled persons, whatever the origin, nature and seriousness of their handicaps and disabilities, have the same fundamental rights as their fellow-citizens of the same age, which implies first and foremost the right to enjoy a decent life, as normal and full as possible.

4. Disabled persons have the same civil and political rights as other human beings; paragraph 7 of the Declaration on the Rights of Mentally Retarded Persons applies to any possible limitation or suppression of those rights for mentally disabled persons.

5. Disabled persons are entitled to the measures designed to enable them to become as self-reliant as possible.

6. Disabled persons have the right to medical, psychological and functional treatment, including prosthetic and orthetic appliances, to medical and social rehabilitation, education, vocational training and rehabilitation, aid, counselling, placement services and other services which will enable them to develop their capabilities and skills to the maximum and will hasten the processes of their social integration or reintegration.

7. Disabled persons have the right to economic and social security and to a decent level of living. They have the right, according to their capabilities, to secure and retain employment or to engage in a useful, productive and remunerative occupation and to join trade unions.

8. Disabled persons are entitled to have their special needs taken into consideration at all stages of economic and social planning.

9. Disabled persons have the right to live with their families or with foster parents and to participate in all social, creative or recreational activities. No disabled person shall be subjected, as far as his or her residence is concerned, to differential treatment other than that required by his or her condition or by the improvement which he or she may derive therefrom. If the stay of a disabled person in a specialized establishment is indispensable, the environment and living conditions therein shall be as close as possible to those of the normal life of a person of his or her age.

10. Disabled persons shall be protected against all exploitation, all regulations and all treatment of a discriminatory, abusive or degrading nature.

11. Disabled persons shall be able to avail themselves of qualified legal aid when such aid proves indispensable for the protection of their persons and property. If judicial proceedings are instituted against them, the legal procedure applied shall take their physical and mental condition fully into account.

12. Organizations of disabled persons may be usefully consulted in all matters regarding the rights of disabled persons.

13. Disabled persons, their families and communities shall be fully informed, by all appropriate means, of the rights contained in this Declaration.

What Diah Has Shared: BALI DECLARATION ON THE ENHANCEMENT OF THE ROLE AND PARTICIPATION OF THE PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES IN ASEAN COMMUNITY

WE, THE PEOPLES of the Member States of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), represented by the Heads of State or Government of Brunei Darussalam, the Kingdom of Cambodia, the Republic of Indonesia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, the Union of Myanmar, the Republic of the Philippines, the Republic of Singapore, the Kingdom of Thailand and the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam.

RECOGNIZING the enhancement of well-being and livelihood of the peoples of ASEAN by providing them with equitable access to opportunities for human development, social welfare and justice as stipulated in the ASEAN Charter;

REAFFIRMING our commitment to accelerating the establishment of the ASEAN Community by 2015 comprising three pillars, namely the ASEAN Political and Security Community, the ASEAN Economic Community and the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community;

RECALLING the Jakarta Declaration adopted at the Regional Conference on ASEAN and Disability on 2 December 2010 that recognizes necessity of persons with disabilities to actively participate in formulating, implementing and evaluating policies related to disability issues in ASEAN region;

RECALLING also the World Programme of Action Concerning Disabled Persons, the Standard Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, in which persons with disabilities are recognized as both development agent and beneficiaries in all aspects of development;

NOTING the Biwako Millennium Framework and Biwako Plus Five for Action towards an Inclusive, Barrier-free and Rights-based Society in Asia and the Pacific 2003-2012 to ensure effective participation of persons with disabilities in all relevant activities;

REAFFIRMING the potential contribution of persons with disabilities and their important role and participation in the implementation of all action lines under the ASEAN Socio Cultural Community (ASCC) Blueprint which includes the scope of cooperation in social welfare and development of children, persons with disabilities and the elderly with sustained impact both nationally and regionally in the establishment of ASEAN Community by 2015;

COGNISANT that the promotion and protection of the human rights and fundamental freedom of the persons with disabilities in strengthening their full participation will result in their enhanced sense of belonging and in significant advances in the human, social and economic development of society and the eradication of poverty;

EMPHASIZING the importance of mainstreaming disabilities issues as an integral part of relevant strategies of sustainable development;

DO HEREBY DECLARE TO:

1.  Encourage  ASEAN Member States to sign and ratify  the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and foster its implementation in the communities;

2.  Proclaim the ASEAN Decade of Persons with Disabilities (2011-2020) and its related initiatives as the theme is to promote disability-inclusive development within ASEAN;

3.  Welcome the initiative of ASEAN Disabled People’s Organisations for establishing the ASEAN Disability Forum, a joint efforts of multi-stakeholders, including ASEAN Member States, the ASEAN Secretariat, international development agencies, civil society organisations, media, business sector, academic groups, Disabled People’s Organisations (DPOs), disability-related organisations and their parents/family organisations;

4.    Urge that ASEAN Member States to promote the quality of life of the persons with disabilities in the context of poverty alleviation and develop regional statistical indicators in ASEAN to measure the development of vulnerable groups, particularly persons with disabilities;

5.   Ensure the fulfillment of the rights of persons with disabilities in all aspects of life through mainstreaming disability perspective in the development and implementation of ASEAN policies and programmes across the economic, political security and socio-cultural pillars of the ASEAN Community;

6.   Continue to raise awareness on disability issues and to increase outreach activities for all society ranging from local, national and regional levels by using various media and involving all components of the society;

7.  Encourage the participation of persons with disabilities in all aspects of development including their participation in political activities by providing them with equal political rights in the election of the leaders and parliamentarians, both at local and national levels;

8.   Encourage the government and civil society organisations, including NGOs, to protect the rights of persons with disabilities, particularly older persons, women and children, by accommodating their needs through the ASEAN Inter-governmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR), the ASEAN Commission on the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of Women and Children (ACWC) and relevant ASEAN sectoral bodies;

9.  Encourage ASEAN Member States to develop national plan of actions on disability and allocate their national budget through relevant line-ministry/agency for empowering persons with disabilities;

10.    Facilitate and encourage persons with disabilities to participate in formulating, implementing and evaluating policies and programmes related to disability issues;

11.  Encourage ASEAN Member States to promote, develop and diversify social services supporting persons with disabilities in the field of social welfare and employment;

12. Encourage ASEAN Member States to accelerate the implementation of the Biwako Millennium Framework and Biwako Plus Five for Action Towards An Inclusive, Barrier-Free and Rights-based Society in Asia and the Pacific 2003-2012;

13.   Enhance sharing of information, good/best practices and experiences on issues concerning persons with disabilities as well as encourage the development of new knowledge through researches, analysis and trainings;

14.   Work towards equal opportunities of persons with disabilities to education especially basic education and alternative means of communication including sign language, Braille and the like;

15. Emphasize the need of providing accessibility to public facilities and amenities, public transportation, education, employment, information communication and technology (ICT), recreation as well as sports for persons with disabilities in ASEAN;

16.   Mainstream disability issues in disaster management policies and programmes  at regional, national and community levels;

17.  Develop social security schemes in ASEAN Member States for protecting persons with disabilities, especially those with severe disabilities;

18.   Develop the social inclusiveness of persons with disabilities which includes the development of leadership, community inclusive, gender-sensitive and socially inclusive business;

19.   Encourage international development agencies and other international institutions to support the implementation of the disability policies and programs in the ASCC Blueprint;

20.   Encourage the mass media, regardless of its scale and coverage, to be culturally and gender sensitive in promoting  the accurate information and image of disability and persons with disabilities in ASEAN;

We hereby pledge our commitment to task the concerned Ministers of ASEAN Sectoral Bodies to implement this Declaration.

Adopted in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia, this Seventeenth Day of November in the Year Two Thousand and Eleven.

Sumber: asean.org